Из учебника по социальной психологии:

Does this sound unbelievable? Are people actually more attracted to groups that subject them to pain and abuse? As far-fetched as it may sound, a series of well-controlled laboratory experiments conducted in the 1950s and 1960s demonstrated conclusively that the more unpleasant the procedure the participants underwent to get into a group, the more they liked the group ( Aronson & Mills, 1959 ; Gerard & Mathewson, 1966 ). This phenomenon will be discussed more thoroughly in Chapter 6 . The important points to remember here are that human beings are motivated to maintain a positive picture of themselves, in part by justifying their past behaviour, and that under certain specific conditions, this leads them to do things that at first glance might seem surprising or paradoxical—for example, they may prefer people and things for whom they have suffered over people and things they associate with pleasure.